Diabetic retinal (internal eye) findings can be as mild as a small spot of blood, which may just require yearly examination. The three pictures below are actual patients where things have gotten a lot more advanced.
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| Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy with Diabetic Macular Edema. Please excuse the annoying camera flash |
This photo shows bleeding or hemorrhaging throughout the retina, but you also see exudate which is the yellow changes you see above the central vision spot (the macula). Exudate is evidence of swelling, which means that the blood vessels have been actively leaking in the area. This patient's central vision was reduced because the swelling was so close to her macula. She was seen by an ophthalmologist, who is monitoring closely for resolution.
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| Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
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| Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
The 2 photos above are from the same patient who has even more advanced damage. At the bottom of both photographs you can see small, "squiggly" spider-web like blood vessels. I know these pictures might not appear as severe as the first, but these new blood vessels (or neovascularization) are evidence of advanced changes. These lacy and thin blood vessels are created by the body when the ocular tissue is not getting enough oxygen. Instead of letting the tissue die, the body tries to get it more oxygen and nutrients by making new vessels. Unfortunately these vessels are delicate and prone to breaking, causing massive bleeding and sometimes even retinal detachments. This patient was immediately referred to an ophthalmologist for treatment!
I can't stress enough, even if you have great vision, it is essential to have regular eye exams. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) your eyes need to be checked at least yearly. With regular check ups and good blood sugar control, the risk of permanently losing your vision (and the function of other organs!) can be greatly minimized.
